Gemstones — Diamonds

Diamonds are one of the most sought-after and valuable gemstones in the world. They are crystalline forms of carbon that are formed deep within the Earth's mantle under high pressure and temperature conditions. The majority of diamonds are between 1 billion and 3.3 billion years old, with some even being as old as 4.25 billion years old.The crystal structure of diamonds is a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, which means that each carbon atom is bonded to four other atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. This structure gives diamonds their characteristic hardness and high refractive index, as well as their unique optical...